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User: RussiaToday |
UNESCO world heritage site to develop tourism The Curonian spit is a long thin peninsula north of Russia's Kaliningrad. This national park separates the Baltic Sea from the Curonian lagoon. Half belongs to Russia, the other half to Lithuania. The six resorts along the Lithuanian stretch are crammed with hotels, bars and restaurants, while the Russian part is underdeveloped. Tags: Curonian spit lagoon national park UNESCO world heritage tourism Kaliningrad Russia Lithuania |
User: clubwoman |
Mont Saint-Michel A world heritage 世界遺産モンサンミシェル Mont Saint-Michel A world heritage It is one way five hours by car from Paris There are a lot of stores such as a restaurant, a souvenir shop I can eat a popular soft and fluffy omelette 世界遺産モンサンミシェル パリから車で片道5時間ぐらい。 レストラン、お土産屋さんなど店舗がたくさんあります。名物ふわふわのオムレツが食べれるのですが、ちょっと味がなかったかな・・・ 建物の中はいろいろな建築法があり、歴史を感じることが出来ました。 Tags: モンサンミシェル Mont Saint Michel world heritage 世界遺産 |
User: NTDTV |
UN Lists World Heritage Temple ANCHOR: Preah Vihear Temple has been listed as a World Heritage site. It sits on disputed zone between Thailand and Cambodia, and become a point of controversy. Here's more. STORY: Cambodia's 900-year-old Preah Vihear temple has become the centre of conflict between Cambodia and Thailand. This is partly because there's been a long dispute over which country owns the land, but further debate has been fuelled after UNESCO's announcement to make it a World Heritage. But in the streets of Phnom Penh, people welcomed the decision. [Meung Son, Khmer Civilisation Foundation President]: "Even politicians whom opposed the royal government move, they rang to congratulate us. So all the people of Cambodia and I hope the people of Thailand, Vietnam and other Asian countries are happy with the second victory of Preah Vihear temple on the world stage." Tension over the temple spat recently heightened when anti-Thai government protesters rallied at the border gate near the ruins. This prompted Cambodia to close the check point with armed forces. In Bangkok, feelings are mixed towards the the UNESCO decision. [Natcha Lairsuwanrat, Student]: "They should have asked the people from the two countries before making the decision to give the rights to Cambodia. This is not fair." UNESCO says it has no implications for negotiations concerning the boundary between the two countries. It also says it doesn't prejudice the rights of both governments to reach an agreement about the disputed border. Tags: NTDTV cambodia temple UN world heritage thailand |
User: unfoundation |
World Heritage Alliance The World Heritage Alliance is a membership based organization that works to support World Heritage conservation, sustainable tourism, and local economic development for communities in and around World Heritage sites. Tags: world heritage worldheritage biodiversity sustainable tourism responsible travel |
User: juanpingz |
World Heritage in China世界遗产在中国：Huangshan黄山1/3 The Huangshan (Chinese: 黄山; pinyin: Huángshān; literally Yellow Mountain) is a mountain range in southern Anhui province in eastern China. The area is very famous for its scenic beauty, which lies in the peculiar shapes of the granite peaks, in the weather-shaped Huangshan Pine trees, and in views of the clouds from above. The area also has hot springs and natural pools. The Huang Shan are a frequent subject of traditional Chinese paintings and literature. Today, they are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of China's most popular tourist destinations. Location in ChinaThe Huangshan mountain range comprises many peaks, 77 of which exceed 1,000 m in altitude. The three tallest peaks are Lotus Peak (Lian Hua Feng, 1,864 m, 30°07′N, 118°10′E), nearby Bright Summit Peak (Guang Ming Ding, 1,840 m) and Celestial Peak (Tian Du Feng, literally Capital of Heaven Peak, 1,829 m). The World Heritage Site covers a core area of 154 square kilometres and a buffer zone of 142 square kilometres. The mountains were formed in the Mesozoic, about 100 million years ago, when an ancient sea disappeared due to uplift. Later, in the Quaternary, the landscape was shaped by the influence of glaciers. In many cases, stone pillar forests were formed. Since the Qin Dynasty, Huangshan had been known as the Yishan. It got its present name in 747 AD, when the poet Li Po referred to it by this name in his writing. The vegetation of the area depends on altitude: Below 1,100 m, moist forest can be found; deciduous forest stretches from 1,100 m up to the tree line at 1,800 m; above that the vegetation consists of alpine grass-lands. The area has diverse flora, where one-third of China's bryophyte families and more than half of its fern families are represented. Because the mountain tops are often above cloud level, they offer views of the clouds from above and interesting light-effects. The Sea of Clouds (Chinese: 雲海, Pinyin: Yun Hai) and Buddha's Light (Chinese: 佛光 Pinyin: Fo Guang) are famous phenomena which attract many tourists. On average, the Buddha's Light only appears a couple of times in a month. The hot springs of the area are located at the foot of the Purple Cloud Peak. the water retains a temperature of 45 °C all year. Most natural pools are concentrated in the Songgu Area. Some particularly well-known water bodies in the area are the Old Dragon Pool (Lao Long Tan), the Green Dragon Pool (Qing Long Tan), the Black Dragon Pool (Wu Long Tan), the White Dragon Pool (Bai Long Tan), and the Jadeite Pond. Mao Feng ("Fur Peak") is a famous green tea from the Huangshan area, it is named for the downy tips of the tea leaves. Huangshan has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1990 for its exceptional natural beauty and its role as a habitat for rare and threatened species. Tags: China 中国 中國 Chinese culture history scenary |
User: realmoocher |
Liverpool, UK - Albert Dock World Heritage Site Opened in 1846, for decades a treasure house of precious cargoes from all over the world - today redevelopment, costing in excess of £100 million, has transformed it into one of Liverpool's busiest and most cosmopolitan centres and a top world heritage attraction. the Albert Dock 160 years old in July 2006 Tags: Liverpool Docks Heritage Mersey Downtown |
User: kvnvasu |
The Big Temple Of Thanjavur- A world Heritage-1000yrs old The Great king of Thanjavur Raja Raja Chola constructed this temple nearly 1000 years back. That is in AD 1009/10. This Temple is one of the World Heritage. Every part of the Temple is a beauty. This temple is for lord Shiva Brihadeswar. I really enjoyed making this video from still photos. The music is from one of the best veena artist. Hope every body will visit this temple while visiting south India. Tags: culture destination events landmark tamil veena temple big rajaraja chola lord shiva brihadeswar music carnatic |
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Stonehenge World Heritage The county of Wiltshire contains the most famous stone circles in the world: Stonehenge & Avebury. The meaning of the circles remains a mystery to this day but, together with their surroundings, they form an important testament to pre-history. Stonehenge, at the centre of Salisbury Plain, is a great place for people who love prehistory. Remnants of old burial mounds and ancient roads can be found here. Stonehenge is one of the most mysterious structures in England. The remains display a long history. It was recently discovered that people had lived here from 5000 BC. The latest research has revealed that Stonehenge was built in four different stages from around 3000 BC. Stonehenge consists of a number of stone circles, which are surrounded by a ditch and a bank. The solitary Heel stone stands outside the ditch and bank. The first circle inside the bank consisted of 56 holes, the Aubrey holes, named after their discoverer John Aubrey. The next circle consisted of a ring of vertical stones, so-called sarsen stone. Inside stood a ring of 60 bluestones and at the centre stands a stone circle in the shape of a horseshoe. Many stones such as the slaughter and altar stone have fallen down, but maybe they will be restored to their former glory one day. Stonehenge is officially designated by UNESCO as "World Heritage Site", The 26-part tv-series "HERITAGE SITES of the WORLD" is available in Dutch and English. Information at www.stockshot.nl/worldheritagesites/ Visit WWW.STOCKSHOT.NL for highres version or broadcast video footage. More culture available! Tags: wwwstockshotnl wwwfaunafilmnl wwwtvgreennl |
User: baldini2 |
Unesco World Heritage "Cienfuegos", Cuba The colonial town of Cienfuegos was founded in 1819 in the Spanish territory but was initially settled by immigrants of French origin. It became a trading place for sugar cane, tobacco and coffee. Situated on the Caribbean coast of southern-central Cuba at the heart of the country's sugar cane, mango, tobacco and coffee production area, the town first developed in the neoclassical style. Tags: Unesco World Heritage Cienfuegos Cuba |
User: billyhelga |
Pashupatinath - UNESCO World Heritage Site in Kathmandu Pashupatinath - Kathmandu on 17th february 2007. One of the UNESCO world culture heritage sites in the Kathmandu valley. Pashupatinath is one of the most famous Hindu shrines. Lord Shiva becomes worshiped as Lord of the creatures. For non Hindus its prohibited to enter the inner Temple area. Tags: Pashupatinath UNESCO World Heritage Site Kathmandu Shiva Hindu |
User: PeterGreenberg2 |
Top UNESCO World Heritage Sites More destination ideas... http://www.petergreenberg.com UNESCO World Heritage sites includes some of the most beautiful, famous and historic landmarks around the world, from Australia's Great Barrier Reef to Egypt's Pyramids. But there are some that you may not have heard as much about--like Peru's "geoglyphs" of Nazca or the ancient center of Edinburgh. NBC Travel Editor Peter Greenberg shares some of his favorite UNESCO sites from around the world. Tags: travel UNESCO world heritage sites landmark destinations edinburgh peru petra |
User: khmerworldtv |
World Khmer News on Cambodia World Heritage Celebrations Khmers around the world celebrate entry into the World Heritage in Cambodia. Visit www.khmer-world.com for more news, entertainment, updates and more. Tags: khmer cambodia cambodian kampuchea news quebec movie karaoke song music singer world heritage |
User: juanpingz |
World Heritage in China世界遗产在中国:Dazu Rock Carvings大足石刻3/3 大足石刻的艺术价值 【大足石刻是一项伟大的艺术杰作】 大足石刻是大足县境内主要表现为摩崖造像的石窟艺术的总称。公布为文物保护单位的摩崖造像多达75处，雕像5万余身，铭文10万余字。北山、宝顶山、南山、石篆山、石门山摩崖造像为全国重点文物保护单位，其规模之大，造诣之精，内容之丰富，都堪称是一项伟大的艺术杰作。北山造像依岩而建，龛窟密如蜂房，被誉为公元9世纪末至13世纪中叶间的"石窟艺术陈列馆"。宝顶山大佛湾造像长达500米，气势磅礴，雄伟壮观。变相与变文并举，图文并茂；布局构图谨严，教义体系完备，是世界上罕见的有总体构思、历经七十余年建造的一座大型石窟密宗道场。造像既追求形式美，又注重内容的准确表达。其所显示的故事内容和宗教、生活哲理对世人能晓之以理，动之以情，诱之以福乐，威之以祸苦。涵盖社会思想博大，令人省度人生，百看不厌。南山、石篆山、石门山摩崖造像精雕细琢，是中国石窟艺术群中不可多得的道教和释、道、儒"三教"造像的珍品。 【大足石刻对中国石窟艺术的创新与发展有重要贡献】 大足石刻注重雕塑艺术自身的审美规律和形式规律，是洞窟造像向摩崖造像方向发展的佳例。在立体造型的技法上，运用写实与夸张互补的手法，摹难显之状，传难达之情，对不同的人物赋予不同的性格特征，务求传神写心。强调善恶、美丑的强烈对比，表现的内容贴近生活，文字通俗，达意简赅，既有很强的艺术感染力，又有着极大的社会教化作用。在选材上，既源于经典，而又不拘泥于经典，具有极大的包容性和创造性，处处反映出世俗信仰惩恶扬善、调伏心意和规范行为的义理要求。在布局上，是艺术、宗教、科学、自然的巧妙结合。在审美上，融神秘、自然、典雅三者于一体，充分体现了中国传统文化重鉴戒的审美要求。在表现上，突破了一些宗教雕塑的旧程式，有了创造性的发展，神像人化，人神合一，极富中国特色。总之，大足石刻在诸多方面都开创了石窟艺术的新形式，成为具有中国风格和中国传统文化内涵，以及体现中国传统审美思想和审美情趣的石窟艺术的典范。同时，作为中国石窟艺术发展、变化的一个转折点，大足石刻所出现的许多有异于前期的新因素又极大地影响了后世。 【大足石刻是石窟艺术生活化的典范】 大足石刻以其浓厚的世俗信仰，纯朴的生活气息，在石窟艺术中独树一帜，把石窟艺术生活化推到了空前的境地。在内容取舍和表现手法方面，都力求与世俗生活及审美情趣紧密结合。其人物形象文静温和，衣饰华丽，身少裸露；形体上力求美而不妖，丽而不娇。造像中，无论是佛、菩萨，还是罗汉、金刚，以及各种侍者像，都颇似现实中各类人物的真实写照。特别是宝顶山摩崖造像所反映的社会生活情景之广泛，几乎应有尽有，颇似公元12世纪至13世纪中叶间（宋代）的一座民间风俗画廊。无论王公大臣、官绅士庶、渔樵耕读，各类人物皆栩栩如生，呼之欲出。大足石刻中的"五山"摩崖造像，可以说是一幅生动的历史生活画卷，它从各个侧面浓缩地反映了公元9～13世纪间（晚唐、五代和两宋时期）中国社会生活，使源于印度的石窟艺术经过长期的发展，至此完成了中国化的进程。 【大足石刻为中国佛教密宗史增添了新的一页】 按过去佛教史籍记载，中国密宗盛行于公元8世纪初叶，流行于黄河流域，至公元9世纪初日本僧人空海东传日本后，中国汉地渐至衰落。而北山、宝顶山大量造像及其碑刻文字无可争辩地表明，公元9至13世纪，密宗在四川不仅未见绝迹，而且处于兴盛。公元9世纪末（晚唐）四川西部的柳本尊自创密宗，号称"唐瑜伽部主总持王"，苦行传道，弘扬大法。到公元12至13世纪中叶间（南宋中期），高僧赵智凤承持其教，号称"六代祖师传密印"，在昌州大足传教布道，创建了宝顶山摩崖造像这座石窟史上罕见的完备而有特色的密宗道场，从而把中国密宗史往后延续了400年左右，为中国佛教密宗史增添了新页。 【大足石刻生动地反映了中国民间宗教信仰的重大发展变化】 信神不信教、信仰多元化，是中国民间宗教信仰在长期的发展过程中出现的一个重大变化。大足石刻作为中国民间宗教信仰的产物，便是其重要实物例证。一方面，作为中国传统文化中三大主体的儒家、道教及佛教，在其长期的发展进程中，总趋势是由"相互对抗"走向"相互融合"。其表现之一，是使原本属于佛教产物的石窟艺术为道教和儒家所借用，且"三教"创始人不分高下的出现在同一个石窟之中。大足石刻中有释、道、儒"三教"分别造像者，有佛、道合一和"三教"合一造像者。这些造像表明，公元10至13世纪，"孔、老、释迦皆至圣"，"惩恶助善，同归于治"的"三教"合流的社会思潮已经巩固；世俗信仰对于"三教"的宗教界线已日渐淡漠。 另一方面，大足石刻丰富多样的造像题材又有力地反映出这一时期源于印度的佛教神祗和道教早期的神仙系统已与中国民俗信仰的神灵融合，呈现出信仰多元化的趋势。大足石刻所展示出的这种民间宗教信仰的重大发展、变化，成为后世民间信仰的基础，影响深远。 2007年5月8日，重庆大足石刻景区经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。 Tags: China 中国 中國 Chinese culture history scenary |
User: PhoenixesRose |
Quedlinburg Germany Castle Views UNESCO world heritage site Quedlinburg, former royal palatinate and member of the Hanse League, is a charming mediaeval city, over 1000 years old. It lies to the North of the Harz mountains. Its fascination derives from its narrow winding lanes covered with ancient cobble-stone and its spacious squares ringed by half-timbered buildings, and dominated by the massive sand-stone mound which bears the castle and the Romanesque Collegiate Church of St. Servatius. This is where Germany's history began more than 1000 years ago. At the foot of the castle-hill, Saxon Duke Henry is to have been offered the RoyalCrown in 919. He and his successors made the Quedlinburg palatinate an important centre of imperial politics. Henry I was buried here in 936. On the hill, his widow Queen Mathilde founded a Ladies' Convent which continued to exist for nearly 900 years. A priceless church treasure still reflects the splendour of the Ottonian dynasty. The halls and chambers of the former Convent now hold the Castle-Museum, featuring exhibitions on the history of town and convent, and still awing the visitors with their dignified ambiance. The greatest attraction in fact is Quedlinburg in its entirety. Some thirteen hundred half-timber buildings arrange themselves at the foot of Castle-Hill in quasi organic patterns on an area of about 80 hectares. Richly decorated facades exhibit the historic development of the half-timber architecture - like in a picture-book. The completeness of this historic townscape is unique among Germany's timber-frame towns, justifying its selection in 1994 to be listed as one of UNESCO's World Cultural Heritage sites. Tags: Quedlinburg Germany Castle schloss chateau abby old tourist travel gardens UNESCO world heritage site |
User: yanoshot |
Romania, Danube Delta- A world heritage Like an image through the eyes of a free-flying bird, weaving throughout the trees and gliding above the land. In 2001, aerial cameraman Tateo Yano, the world's first to utilize HD cameras and motorized paragliders, invented "Ultra Low-Altitude" Aerial Filming, creating a totally new world of imagery. An innovative vision filled with the wondrous feeling of floating and gliding that will have you asking yourself, "Am I really flying?" We've all had the dream to fly through the skies...this is that dream. Tags: Cinematographer Environment Japan Art Cinema Documentary 矢野健夫 Tateo Yano Motor paraglider Bird's eye NHK Silk Road 環境 |
User: khmerworldtv |
(2) Khmer World News,World Heritage (July 8, 2008) Cambodia's region put onto UNESCO. World Heritage site in July,8 2008. Part 2 of video, check out part 3. Visit www.khmer-world.com for more Khmer news, entertainment and more. Tags: khmer cambodia cambodian kampuchea quebec unesco world heritage site news music entertainment |
User: khmerworldtv |
Khmer World News on World Heritage Cambodia (July 8, 2008) The site is on the edge of a plateau that dominates the plain of Cambodia. These buildings make up the sanctuary that are dedicated to Shiva. The temple dates back to the first half of the 11th century AD. The site is exceptional for three reasons: its natural situation on a promontory, with sheer cliffs overlooking a vast plain and mountain range; the quality of its architecture adapted to the natural environment and religious function of the temple; and, the exceptional quality of the carved stone ornamentation of the temple. Tags: khmer cambodia cambodian kampuchea news quebec movie karaoke song sing music singer world heritage |
User: DusanDotur |
Attack on Dubrovnik, Croatia (a UNESCO World Heritage Site) Attack on Dubrovnik, Croatia (a UNESCO World Heritage Site) The 'Pearl of the Adriatic', situated on the Dalmatian coast, became an important Mediterranean sea power from the 13th century onwards. Although severely damaged by an earthquake in 1667, Dubrovnik managed to preserve its beautiful Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque churches, monasteries, palaces and fountains. Damaged again in the 1990s by Serbian attack, it is now the focus of a major restoration programme co-ordinated by UNESCO dubrovnik croatia balkan hrvatska yugoslavia Macedonia Makedonia Makedonija VMRO Skopje Lavovi Serbia Sebija Albania Greek Hellas kosovo bih kosova shqiperia albania uck kla macedonia makedonija skopje greece hellas greek makedonia vmro basketball united nations un churches crkve serbian gusle miljanic njegos baja mali knindza kosarka champion serbia srbija vojska albania albanian training UCK KLA kosovo SAJ siptar america orthodox russia grecce SRBIJA SERBIA BOSNA RS REPUBLIKA SRPSKA KOSOVO METOHIJA RUSIJA RUSSIAN GREECE GRK ZIVELO PRAVOSLAVLJE PRAVOSLAVAC BRACA velika srbija great serbia albania uck cetnik siptari kosovo kosova srpska vojska tigrovi arkan pristina beograd siptar sarajevo kosovo republika smesno srbija hrvatska bosna serbia croatia bosnia balkan serbia srbija srbi srbin serb serbs cetnik chetnik cetnici chetniks serbian beograd belgrade sr Albanian stupidity Must see serbia srbija srbi srbin serb serbs cetnik chetnik cetnici chetniks serbian beograd belgrade srpski srpska serbien cccc Srbija srpske zene cure serbia girls women balkan kosovo je srbija muzika song music igra folk sexy dance bosnia italy spain russia poland czech republic belorus slovakia slovenia croatia hrvatska ukraine hungary romania moldova estonia germany france greece portugal england scotland ireland north ireland norway sweden finland europe union belgium holland netherlands ljudiHrvati Dalmacija Croatia Istra Slavonija Vukovar Zagreb dinamo torcida bbb hajduk rijeka domovinski rat oluja bljesak maestral teroristi Republika srpska krajina serbia srbija cetnik chetnik cetnici serbs croatia bosna bosnia hrvatska ustasa balija srbi serbian yugoslavia bih cccc Chetnosong serbian eurosong Hercegovina albania kosovo screbrenica general ante gotovina arkan tudjman mladic karadzic milosevic Dubrovnik kosovo bih kosova shqiperia albania uck kla macedonia makedonija skopje greece hellas greek makedonia vmro serbia srbija srbi srbin serb serbs cetnik chetnik cetnici chetniks serbian beograd belgrade srpski srpska serbien serbian serbien chetniks cetnici serbs srbi serbia srbija yugoslavia bosnia bosna krajina kosovo cetnik chetnik srbin war Tanks army serbian serbien chetniks cetnici serbs srbi serbia srbija yugoslavia bosnia bosna cetnik chetnik srbin Dubrovnik kosovo bih kosova shqiperia albania uck kla macedonia makedonija skopje greece hellas greek makedonia vmro serbia srbija srbi srbin serb serbs cetnik chetnik cetnici chetniks serbian beograd belgrade srpski srpska serbien cccc Srbija srpske zene cure serbia girls women balkan kosovo je srbija muzika song music igra folk sexy dance bosnia italy spain russia poland czech republic belorus slovakia slovenia croatia hrvatska ukraine hungary romania moldova estonia germany france greece portugal england scotland ireland north ireland norway sweden finland europe union belgium holland netherlands ljudi people britney spears eurosong Hercegovina albania kosovo screbrenica serbia srbija cetnik chetnik cetnici serbs croatia bosnia hrvatska srbi serbian yugoslavia bih cccc mladic karadzic milosevic b92 rts srj scg BBC News Serb jailed for war crimes milan martic captain dragan kapetan vasiljkovic australia Montenegro Crna Gora podgorica srbija serbia croatia hrvatska dubrovnik herceg novi tivat kotor cetinje boka kotorska konavle cavtat cepikuce lovcen njegos bar budva niksic podgorica ulcinj berane rozaje kolasin jevrem brkovic slavko perovic momir bulatovic mljet korcula cavtat Tags: dubrovnik croatia balkan hrvatska yugoslavia serbia srbija bosnia bosna germany italy greece macedonia russia war rat |
User: helitown |
Preas Vihea - The World Heritage Celebration See more www.angkorthom.us. UNESCO has approved Preah Vihear to be a World Heritage site. An announcement was made locally and international on July 7th, 2008 at the current United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) annual session held in Canada's Quebec City. Tags: Preas Vihea The World Heritage Celebration khmer |
User: joey0028 |
Sydney Opera House - World Heritage Site The Sydney Opera House has been declared a World Heritage site and a masterpiece of 20th-century architecture. It takes its place alongside the Taj Mahal, the Acropolis and the Great Pyramids as a cultural site having outstanding universal value. The decision was made in Christchurch, New Zealand, at a meeting of the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation's World Heritage Committee. The Opera House, designed by Joern Utzon and officially opened in October 1973, is the youngest building to be included on the World Heritage list and only the second by a living architect. xjoeyx Music - "Men at Work" I come from a land down_under :) Honors for This Video: 7.7.07 #37 - Most Viewed (Today) - Travel & Places #23 - Top Rated (Today) - Travel & Places #12 - Most Discussed (Today) - Travel & Places #99 - Most Discussed (This Week) - Travel & Places #99 - Top Favorites (Today) - Travel & Places #99 - Most Responded (Today) Tags: sydney_opera_house joey0028 sydney men_at_work architecture land_down_under australia |
User: juanpingz |
World Heritage in China世界遗产在中国:Dazu Rock Carvings大足石刻2/3 大足石刻（The Dazu Rock Carvings） 大足石刻是唐末、宋初时期的宗教摩崖石刻，以佛教题材为主，尤以北山摩崖造像和宝顶山摩崖造像最为著名，是中国著名的古代石刻艺术。 北山摩崖造像位于重庆市大足县城北1.5公里的北山。北山摩崖造像长约三百多米，是全国重点文物保护单位、世界文化遗产——大足石刻的重要组成部分。造像最初开凿于晚唐景福元年（公元892年），历经后梁、后唐、后晋、后汉、后周五代至南宋1162年完成，历时250多年。现存雕刻造像四千六百多尊，其中造像264龛窟，阴刻图1幅，经幢8座，是中国晚期石窟艺术中的优秀代表。 大足石刻简介 大足石刻是重庆市大足县境内主要表现为摩崖造像的石窟艺术的总称。大足县是重庆市所辖郊县，始建于唐乾元元年（758年），以"大丰大足"而得名，是驰名中外的"石刻之乡"、"五金之乡"，全国首批甲级开放县，国家确定的长江三峡旅游县的起点，全国生态农业先进县，重庆市对外开放的重要窗口。大足县历史悠久，人文景观、旅游资源非常丰富。县境内石刻造像星罗棋布，公布为文物保护单位的摩崖造像多达75处，雕像5万余身，铭文10万余字。其中全国重点文物保护单位6处，2002年12月1日在摩洛哥历史文化名城马拉喀什举行的联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会第23届会议上表决通过，将大足石刻中的北山、宝顶山、南山、石篆山、石门山五处摩崖造像，正式列入世界文化遗产，进入《世界遗产名录》的神圣殿堂。 大足石刻的历史 大足县，建于公元758年（唐乾元元年），隶属昌州。公元885年（唐光启元年），昌州由静南县迁治大足。至公元1279年（南宋末年），大足一直是昌州州治所在县。大足石刻中的"五山"摩崖造像即在这近400年间完成。 现存大足石刻作品中，最早的为凿于公元650年（初唐永徽元年）的尖山子摩崖造像，其后200多年间仅新开凿圣水寺摩崖造像一处。这两处初、中唐造像总共不过20龛。直到公元885年昌州迁治大足后，摩崖造像方渐大兴。 公元892年（唐景福元年），昌州刺史，充昌、普、渝、合四州都指挥，静南军节度使韦君靖，在县城北龙岗山（今北山）营建"粮贮十年，兵屯数万"的永昌寨的同时，首先在北山凿造佛像。此后，州、县官吏和当地仕绅、平民、僧尼等相继效法，直到公元907～965年间（时为五代十国时期。四川为蜀国，史称前蜀、后蜀）营造佛像不断，形成大足石刻史上第一个造像高潮。 公元965～1077年的百余年间（北宋乾德至熙宁年间），摩崖造像停滞，至今全县未发现一龛当时的纪年造像。此时寺院内供养石刻圆雕造像兴起。今有遗迹可寻或有文可征者，县东有大钟寺，县西有石壁寺，县北有延恩寺等多处。至本世纪80年代，仅大钟寺一处，就出土佛教圆雕纪年造像百多件。 公元1078～1173年（北宋后期的元丰至南宋初期的绍兴、乾道年间），大足石刻造像掀起第二个高潮。自公元1082年（元丰五年）大庄园主严逊舍地开凿石篆山释、道、儒"三教"造像区起，县境内摩崖造像此起彼伏，先后开凿出佛教、道教和"三教"造像区32处。南山、石门山造像区和北山多宝塔均于此间建成。始凿于公元892年的北山造像区，历时250多年，亦至公元1146年南宋绍兴十六年建成。 公元1174～1252年的70余年间南宋淳熙至淳佑年间，时称"六代祖师传密印"的大足僧人赵智凤，承持晚唐川西柳本尊创立的佛教密宗教派，于宝顶山传教。他以弘扬佛法为主旨，清苦七十余年，四方募化凿造佛像近万尊，建成了中国佛教密宗史上唯有的一座大型石窟道场,使大足石刻造像达到鼎盛。其间县境其他处造像基本停滞。四方道俗云集赵智凤座下，石刻高手聚集宝顶山竞技献艺。宝顶山成为中国佛教密宗成都瑜伽派的中心地。 自公元892～1252年的360年间（晚唐景福至南宋淳佑年间），大足先后建成佛教、道教和"三教"造像区34处，造像数量占大足石刻总数的80%左右。其中除北山摩崖造像始凿于公元892年晚唐景福元年外，其余均为公元1082～1252年北宋元丰至南宋淳佑的170余年间建成。 公元13世纪末叶南宋晚期，因战乱石刻造像中断。至15世纪末明代永乐年间，摩崖造像方渐复苏，一直延及晚清。公元15世纪初至19世纪末（明、清两代）的500年间共有摩崖造像39处，其中虽不乏佳品，但多为小型造像区，造像数量也不足今大足石刻造像总数的20%。 公元13世纪末和17世纪中叶，大足曾两度遭受兵燹。"五山"摩崖造像中，除宝顶山圣寿寺两次焚毁、两度重修外，摩崖造像一直保存至今。 "五山"摩崖造像建成后，除世俗装绚、培修外，直到19世纪末至本世纪初年，当地民众才在造像区旁增刻观音、山神、天公地母等少数几个小龛。现基本上保持了唐、宋时期造像的规模和风貌。1949年中华人民共和国建立后，一直妥善保护,并对公众开放。 以北山、宝顶山、南山、石篆山、石门山（简称"五山"）摩崖造像为代表的大足石刻是中国石窟艺术重要的组成部分，也是世界石窟艺术中公元9世纪末～13世纪中叶间中国晚唐景福元年至南宋淳佑十二年最为壮丽辉煌的一页。大足石刻始建于公元650年唐永徽元年，兴盛于公元9世纪末至13世纪中叶，余绪延至明、清，是中国晚期石窟艺术的代表作品。 "五山"摩崖造像以规模宏大，雕刻精美，题材多样，内涵丰富，保存完好而著称于世。以集释佛教、道道教、儒儒家"三教"造像之大成而异于前期石窟。以鲜明的民族化、生活化特色，在中国石窟艺术中独树一帜。以大量的实物形象和文字史料，从不同侧面展示了公元9世纪末至13世纪中叶间中国石窟艺术风格及民间宗教信仰的重大发展、变化，对中国石窟艺术的创新与发展有重要贡献，具有前期各代石窟不替代的历史、艺术、科学和鉴赏价值。 源于古印度的石窟艺术自公元3世纪传入中国后，分别于公元5世纪和7世纪前后（魏晋至盛唐时期），在中国北方先后形成了两次造像高峰，但至公元8世纪中叶（唐天宝之后）走向衰落。于此续绝之际，位于长江流域的大足县境内摩崖造像异军突起，从公元9世纪末至13世纪中叶建成了以"五山"摩崖造像为代表的大足石刻，形成了中国石窟艺术史上的又一次造像高峰，从而把中国石窟艺术史向后延续了400余年。此后，中国石窟艺术停滞，其他地方未再新开凿一座大型石窟，大足石刻也就成为中国石窟艺术建设史上最后的一座丰碑。中国石窟艺术在其长期的发展过程中，各个时期的石窟艺术都积淀了自己独具特色的模式及内涵。以云冈石窟为代表的早期石窟艺术魏晋时期，公元4～5世纪受印度犍陀罗和笈多式艺术的影响较为明显，造像多呈现出"胡貌梵相"的特点。以龙门石窟为代表的中期石窟艺术隋唐时期，公元6～9世纪表现出印度文化与中国文化相融合的特点。作为晚期石窟艺术（晚唐至南宋时期，公元9世纪末至13世纪中叶）代表作的大足石刻在吸收、融化前期石窟艺术精华的基础上，于题材选择、艺术形式、造型技巧、审美情趣诸方面都较之前代有所突破，以鲜明的民族化、生活化特色，成为具有中国风格的石窟艺术的典范，与敦煌、云冈、龙门等石窟一起构成了一部完整的中国石窟艺术史。大足石刻"三教"造像俱全，有别于前期石窟。以南山摩崖造像为代表的公元11至13世纪中叶的道教造像，是中国这一时期雕刻最精美、神系最完备的道教造像群。石篆山摩崖造像中以中国儒家创始人孔子为主尊的"儒家"造像，在石窟艺术中可谓凤毛麟角。以石篆山摩崖造像为代表的佛教、道教、儒教"三教"合一造像，以及以石门山摩崖造像为代表的佛教、道教合一造像在中国石窟艺术中亦极为罕见。就保存状况而言，大足石刻是中国石窟艺术群中保存最完好之一。 "五山"摩崖造像保存完好。全部龛窟与造像，除历史上对少数雕像肢体残损部分有过补塑外，未遭受大的人为和自然灾害的破坏。1949年中华人民共和国成立后，在日常维修保护中，严格遵守"不改变原状"的原则，以确凿文献、碑刻题记为依据，采用传统技术与现代科学技术相结合的手段进行。其设计、材料、工艺、布局等方面均保持了历史的真实性。在对"五山"造像主体进行保护的同时，注重其周围环境的保护，基本上没有改变其环境关系。因此，从总体上看，"五山"摩崖造像基本上保持了历史的规模、原状和风貌。 Tags: China 中国 中國 Chinese culture history scenary |
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World Heritage in China世界遗产在中国：Jiuzhaigou九寨沟1/3 Jiuzhaigou Valley (simplified Chinese: 九寨沟; traditional Chinese: 九寨溝; pinyin: Jiǔzhàigōu; lit. "Valley of Nine Villages"; Tibetan: Sicadêgu) is a nature reserve in northern Sichuan province of China. It is known for its many multi-level waterfalls and colorful lakes, and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992. It belongs to the category V (Protected Landscape)in the IUCN system of protected area categorization.Geography and climate History The remote region was inhabited by various Tibetan and Qiang peoples for centuries, but was not officially discovered by the government until 1972. Extensive logging took place until 1979, when the Chinese government banned such activity and made the area a national park in 1982. An Administration Bureau was established and the site officially opened to tourism in 1984; layout of facilities and regulations were completed in 1987. The site was inscribed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1992 and a World Biosphere Reserve in 1997. Since opening, tourist activity has increased every year: from 5,000 in 1984 to 170,000 in 1991, 160,000 in 1995, to 200,000 in 1997, including about 3,000 foreigners. Visitors numbered 1,190,000 in 2002.[1] As of 2004, the site averages 7,000 visits per day, with a quota of 12,000 being reportedly enforced during high season. The Town of Zhangzha at the exit of the valley and the nearby Songpan County feature an ever-increasing number of hotels, including several polished five-stars. Rize Gully Panda Lake Five Flower LakeThe 18 km long Rize Gully (日则沟, pinyin: Rìzé Gōu) is the south-western branch of Jiuzhaigou. It contains the largest variety of sites and is typically visited first. Going downhill from its highest point, one passes the following sites: The Primeval Forest (原始森林 Yuánshǐ Sēnlín) is a preserved ancient woodland. It is fronted by spectacular views of the surrounding mountains and cliffs, including the 500 m high blade-shaped Sword Rock (剑岩 Jiàn Yán). Swan Lake (天鹅海, Tiān'é Hǎi) is a 2250 m long, 125 m wide picturesque lake named for its visiting swans and ducks. Grass Lake (草海, Cǎo Hǎi) is a shallow lake covered in intricate vegetation patterns. Arrow Bamboo Lake (箭竹海, Jiànzhú Hǎi), covering an area of 170,000 m², is a shallow lake with a depth of 6 m. It lies at an elevation of 2,618 m, and was a main feature site for the 2002 Chinese film Hero. Panda Lake (熊猫海, Xióngmāo Hǎi) features curious color patterns of blue and green. It empties into the multi-stream, multi-level Panda Waterfalls, dropping 78m in 3 steps. Five Flower Lake (五花海, Wǔhuā Hǎi) is a shallow multi-colored lake whose bottom is criss-crossed by ancient fallen tree trunks. Pearl Shoal (珍珠滩, Zhēnzhū Tān) is a wide, gently sloping area of active calcareous tufa deposition covered in a thin sheet of flowing water. It empties into the famous Pearl Waterfalls, where the shoal drops 28 m in a 310 m wide broad curtain of water. A scene of the television adaptation of Journey to the West was filmed there. Mirror Lake (镜海, Jìng Hǎi) is another quiet lake casting beautiful reflections of the surroundings when the water is calm. Zechawa Gully The Zechawa Gully (则查洼沟, Zécháwā Gōu) is the south-eastern branch of Jiuzhaigou. It is approximately the same length as Rize gully (18 km ) but climbs to a higher altitude (3150 m at the Long Lake). Going downhill from its highest point, it features the following sites: Long Lake (长海, Cháng Hǎi) is the highest, largest and deepest lake in Jiuzhaigou, measuring 7.5 km in length and up to 103 m in depth. It reportedly has no outgoing waterways, getting its water from snowmelt and losing it from seepage. Local folklore features a monster in its depths. Five-Color Pond (五彩池, Wǔcǎi Chí) is one of the smallest but most spectacular bodies of water in Jiuzhaigou lakes. Despite its very modest dimensions and depth, it has a richly colored underwater landscape with some of the brightest and clearest waters in the area. The Seasonal Lakes (季节海, Jìjié Hǎi) are a series of 3 lakes (Lower, Middle and Upper) along the main road, that change from empty to full during each year. Access to the site Jiuzhaigou, compared to other high-traffic scenic spots in China, is notoriously difficult to access by land. Most tourists reach the valley by a 10 hour bus ride from Chengdu along the Minjiang River canyon, prone to frequent rockslides and mudslides that can add several hours to the trip. As of 2004, further delays were incurred by the construction of a new highway which, when completed, should greatly facilitate the journey. Since 2003, it has been possible fly from Chengdu or Chongqing to an airport on a 11311 ft. high mountain side near Songpan County, and then take an hour-long bus ride to Jiuzhaigou, or a two-hour bus ride to Huanglong. From 2006, a daily flight to Xi'an had been opened in peak season. There is also a new helipad near the valley. Tags: China 中国 中國 Chinese culture history scenary |
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World Heritage in China世界遗产在中国：Huanshan黄山2/3 黄山风景区（Huangshan Mountain）是中国著名风景区之一，世界游览胜地，位于安徽省南部黄山市。主峰莲花峰，海拔1864.8米。黄山处于亚热带季风气候区内，由于山高谷深，气候呈垂直变化。同时由于北坡和南坡受阳光的辐射差大，局部地形对其气候起主导作用，形成云雾多、湿度大、降水多的气候特点。黄山集名山之长。泰山之雄伟，华山之险峻，衡山之烟云，庐山之瀑，雁荡山之巧石，峨嵋山之秀丽，黄山无不兼而有之。明代旅行家、地理学家 徐霞客两游黄山，赞叹说："登黄山天下无山，观止矣！"又留"五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳"的美誉。更有"天下第一奇山"之称。可以说无峰不石，无石不松，无松不奇，并以 奇松、怪石、云海、温泉 黄山四绝著称于世。其二湖，三瀑，十六泉，二十四溪相映争辉。春、夏、秋、冬四季景色各异。黄山还兼有"天然动物园和天下植物园"的美称，有植物近1500种，动物500多种。黄山气候宜人，是得天独厚的避暑胜地，是国家级风景名胜区和疗养避暑胜地。1985年入选全国十大风景名胜，1990年12月被联合国教科文组织列入《世界文化与自然遗产名录》，是中国第一个同时作为文化、自然双重遗产列入名录的。2004年2月入选世界地质公园。蜚声中外，令世人难忘。古今有很多黄山诗词流传于世。 2007年5月8日，黄山市黄山风景区经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。 黄山名称由来 黄山古代秦时称黟山，相传轩辕黄帝率手下大臣容成子、浮丘公来此炼丹，并最终得道升天，唐天宝六年（公元747年），依此传说，唐玄宗赦改黟山为黄山。 黄山四绝 1、奇松 黄山延绵数百里，千峰万壑，比比皆松。黄山松，它分布于海拔800米以上高山，以石为母，顽强地扎根于巨岩裂隙。黄山松针叶粗短，苍翠浓密，干曲枝虬，千姿百态。或倚岸挺拔，或独立峰巅，或倒悬绝壁，或冠平如盖，或尖削似剑。有的循崖度壑，绕石而过；有的穿罅穴缝，破石而出。忽悬、忽横、忽卧、忽起，"无树非松，无石不松，无松不奇"。 黄山松是由黄山独特地貌、气候而形成的中国松树的一种变体。黄山松一般生长在海拔800米以上的地方，通常是黄山北坡在1500-1700米处，南坡在1000-1600米处。黄山松的千姿百态和黄山自然环境有着很大的关系。黄山松的种子能够被风送到花岗岩的裂缝中去，以无坚不摧、有缝即入的钻劲，在那里发芽、生根、成长。黄山泥土稀少，但花岗岩中肉红色的长石中含有钾，夏天雷雨后空气中的氮气变成氮盐，可以被岩层和泥土吸收，进而为松树的根系吸收；松树的根系不断分泌一种有机酸，能慢慢溶解岩石，把岩石中的矿物盐类分解出来为己所用；花草、树叶等植物腐烂后，也分解成肥料；这样黄山松便在贫瘠的岩缝中存活、成长。地势崎岖不平，悬崖峭壁纵横堆叠，黄山松无法垂直生长，只能弯弯曲曲地甚至朝下生长。由于要抗暴风御冰霜，黄山松的针叶短粗，冠平如削，色绿深沉，树干和树枝也极坚韧，极富弹性。黄山松的另一特点是，由于风吹日晒，许多松树只在一边长出树枝。黄山松姿态坚韧傲然，美丽奇特，但生长的环境十分艰苦，因而生长速度异常缓慢，一棵高不盈丈的黄山松，往往树龄上百年，甚至数百年；根部常常比树干长几倍、几十倍，由于根部很深，黄山松能坚强地立于岩石之上，虽历风霜雨霜却依然永葆青春。 最著名的黄山松有：迎客松（位于玉屏楼的石狮前面），送客松（位于玉屏楼的右边），蒲团松（位于莲花溪谷），凤凰松（位于天海），棋盘松（位于平田石桥），接引松（位于始信峰），麒麟松（位于北海宾馆和清凉台之间），黑虎松（位于北海宾馆和始信峰之间），探海松或叫舞松（位于天都峰的鲫鱼背旁边）──这就是黄山的十大名松。过去还曾有人编了《名松谱》，收录了许多黄山松，可以数出名字的松树成百上千，每颗都独具美丽、优雅的风格。 2、怪石 黄山"四绝"之一的怪石，以奇取胜，以多著称。已被命名的怪石有120多处。其形态可谓千奇百怪，令人叫绝。似人似物，似鸟似兽，情态各异，形象逼真。黄山怪石从不同的位置，在不同的天气观看情趣迥异，可谓"横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同"。其分布可谓遍及峰壑巅坡，或兀立峰顶或戏逗坡缘，或与松结伴，构成一幅幅天然山石画卷。 黄山千岩万壑，几乎每座山峰上都有许多灵幻奇巧的怪石，其形成期约在100多万年前的第四纪冰川期，黄山石"怪"就怪在从不同角度看，就有不同的形状。站在半山寺前望天都峰上的一块大石头，形如大公鸡展翅啼鸣，故名"金鸡叫天门"，但登上龙蟠坡回首再故，这只一唱天下白的雄鸡却仿佛摇身一变，变成了五位长袍飘飘、扶肩携手的老人，被改冠以"五老上天都"之名。黄山峰海，无处不石、无石不松、无松不奇。奇松怪石，往往相映成趣，位于北海的梦笔生花、以及"喜鹊登梅"（仙人指路）、老僧采药、苏武牧羊、飞来石等，据说黄山有名可数的石头的就达1200多块，大都是三分形象、七分想象，从人的心理移情于石，使一块冥顽不灵的石头凭空有了精灵跳脱的生命。欣赏时不妨充分调动自己的主观创造力，可获更高的审美享受。 3、云海 自古黄山云成海，黄山是云雾之乡，以峰为体，以云为衣，其瑰丽壮观的"云海"以美、胜、奇、幻享誉古今，一年四季皆可观、尤以冬季景最佳。依云海分布方位，全山有东海、南海、西海、北海和天海；而登莲花峰、天都峰、光明顶则可尽收诸海于眼底，领略"海到尽头天是岸，山登绝顶我为峰"之境地。 大凡高山，可以见到云海，但是黄山的云海更有其特色，奇峰怪石和古松隐现云海之中，就更增加了美感。黄山一年之中有云雾的天气达200多天，水气升腾或雨后雾气未消，就会形成云海，波澜壮阔，一望无边，黄山大小山峰、千沟万壑都淹没在云涛雪浪里，天都峰、光明顶也就成辽浩瀚云海中的孤岛。阳光照耀，云更白，松更翠，石更奇。流云散落在诸峰之间，云来雾去，变化莫测。风平浪静时，云海一铺万顷，波平如镜，映出山影如画，远处天高海阔，峰头似扁舟轻摇，近处仿佛触手可及，不禁想掬起一捧云来感受它的温柔质感。忽而，风起云涌，波涛滚滚，奔涌如潮，浩浩荡荡，更有飞流直泻，白浪排空，惊涛拍岸，似千军万马席卷群峰。待到微风轻拂，四方云慢，涓涓细流，从群峰之间穿隙而过；云海渐散，清淡处，一线阳光洒金绘彩，浓重处，升腾跌宕稍纵即逝。云海日出，日落云海，万道霞光，绚丽缤纷。 红树铺云，成片的红叶浮在云海之上，这是黄山深秋罕见的奇景。北海双剪峰，当云海经过时为两侧的山峰约束，从两峰之间流出，向下倾泻，如大河奔腾，又似白色的壶口瀑布，轻柔与静谧之中可以感受到暗流涌动和奔流不息的力量，是黄山的又一奇景。 玉屏楼观南海，清凉台望北海，排云亭看西海，白鹅岭赏东海，螯鱼峰眺天海。由于山谷地形的原因，有时西海云遮雾罩，白鹅岭上却青烟飘渺，道道金光染出层层彩叶，北海竟晴空万里，人们为云海美景而上下奔波，谓之"赶海"。 4、温泉 黄山"四绝"之一的温泉（古称汤泉），源出海拔850米的紫云峰下，水质以含重碳酸为主，可饮可浴。传说轩辕皇帝就是在此沐浴七七四十九日得返老还童，羽化飞升的，故又被誉之为"灵泉"。 黄山温泉由紫云峰下喷涌而初，与桃花峰隔溪相望，是经游黄山大门进入黄山的第一站。温泉每天的出水量约400吨左右，常年不息，水温常年在42度左右，属高山温泉。黄山温泉对消化、神经、心血管、新陈代谢、运动等系统的某些病症，尤其是皮肤病，均有一定的功效。 黄山三瀑 黄山有36源、24溪、20深潭、17幽泉、3飞瀑、2湖、1池。黄山之水，除了温泉之外，尚有飞瀑、明荃、碧潭、清溪，每逢雨后，到处流水潺潺，波光粼粼，瀑布响似奔雷，泉水鸣如琴弦，一派鼓乐之声。著名的有"人字瀑"、"百丈泉"和"九龙瀑"，并称为黄山三大名瀑，人字瀑古名飞雨泉，在紫石、朱砂两峰之间流出，危岩百丈，石挺岩腹，清泉分左右走壁下泻，成"人"字型瀑布，最佳观赏地点在温泉区的"观瀑楼"；九龙瀑，源于天都、玉屏、炼丹、仙掌诸峰，自罗汉峰与香炉峰之间分九叠倾泻而下，每叠有一潭，称九龙潭。古人赞曰："飞泉不让匡庐瀑，峭壁撑天挂九龙"。是黄山最为壮丽的瀑布。百丈瀑在黄山青潭、紫云峰之间，顺千尺悬崖而降，形成百丈瀑布。近有百丈台，台前建有观瀑亭。 黄山第五绝 ——冬雪 黄山的冬雪可称得上是大自然的上乘之作，是精品中的"极品"，是当之无愧的黄山"第五绝"。 黄山冬雪不同于北国的冬雪，它不是那种厚重严实，并且持久不化的雪，黄山的冬雪，妙就妙在与黄山的松、石、云、泉巧妙而完美的结合。 雄伟壮丽的黄山，挺拔秀丽，冰雪又给她增添了无限的风采。劈地摩天的天都峰，宛如银妆素裹的神女；隔壑相望的莲花峰，如同一朵盛开的雪莲；九龙峰也变成了一条蜿蜒腾飞的玉龙，飞舞在黄山的云海之上；西海群峰奇异的石林，像一尊尊身着素服的神仙，聚集在峰头之上。冰雪覆盖的狮子林，银峦相拥的玉屏峰，构成了一幅静中有动，动中有静的绝妙画图。黄山自古云成海，云赋于黄山冬景无穷的魅力——奇妙的雾松、雪松、树挂，把黄山妆扮得如同一个珊瑚盛开的世界。 飞雪、冰挂、雾凇堪称黄山奇景。 黄山的冰，千姿百态。泉有多宽，冰有多宽；瀑有多高，冰有多高；著名的人字瀑、九龙瀑一改往日"飞流直下三千尺"飞珠溅玉、声响如雷的气势，将一匹匹好似半透明的汉白玉挂在悬崖上，银光闪烁，洁白无瑕，这就是黄山冬景中著名的"冰挂"奇观。与"冰挂"并称双绝的是"雪帘"。桃花峰麓的水帘洞"冰挂"如钟乳石般地悬挂着，洞顶突出的部位雪上加雪又冻成冰盔，并呈下垂状；在黝黑石壁的衬托下，就像人工织成的图案，故被人誉为"雪帘"。 当气温降到零下时，浓重的雾气凝结在树木、石块、草丛等物体上，立即冻结成了白色固体冰晶。当"雾凇"出现时，整个黄山便变成了一座冰山，棵棵树木变成了丛丛珊瑚，真是奇松佩玉，怪石披银，山峰闪光，花草晶莹。微风拂来，树动枝摇，冰挂荡漾，叮当作响。 黄山自古闻名，许多文人前来游历并留下名诗吟诵。另外还有寺庙亭台，为黄山增色。在黄山南部朱砂峰下的慈光阁，明嘉靖年间，玄阳道士居此。明万历年间曾盛极一时。原址尚存部分楼房，中华人民共和国建立后建为宾馆。1965年董必武笔书"慈光阁"。海拔1340米的半山寺在黄山南部的老人峰与朱砂峰间，原寺已圮，1957年重修，有刘伯承所题匾额。上下山游人多在此憩息，观赏风光。另外还有玉屏楼、云谷寺、松谷庵、翠微寺等。 秦代称黟山，因传说黄帝曾在山中修身炼丹，故唐天宝元年（公元747年）诏改黄山。方圆250公里，自古为道教名山，山中以道教命名的名胜有朱砂峰、炼丹峰、天都峰、轩辕峰、仙人峰、丹井、试剑石、蒲团松、仙人晒靴石、仙女绣花石、望仙台、炼丹台、炼丹源、神仙洞等等，山南部朱砂峰下的慈光阁和山北部叠障峰下的松谷庵均为道教庙宇。 Tags: China 中国 中國 Chinese culture history scenary |
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On Melaka World Heritage Site Foong Wai Fong interviewed by RTM at Geographer Cafe on 19 July 2008 Tags: Pahlawan Volunteers Geographer Cafe Melaka Malacca Jonker Street Walk |
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World Heritage in China世界遗产在中国：Huangshan黄山3/3 黄山历史文化 黄山历史悠久，远在六、七千年前，即公元前51世纪，母系氏族社会的后期，人类就已经在这片美丽富饶的山区劳动生息了。在距今三、四千年的殷商时期，这里就居住着一支叫山越的先民。山越乃百越中的一支。在春秋战国时期，这里先属吴，吴亡属越，越亡属楚。秦始皇统一六国之后，实行郡县制，这里为会稽郡属地。南朝时开始设置新安郡，郡府搬迁又始终未离开新安江上游，徽州古称新安，其源盖出于此。宋代徽宗宣和三年五月廿四日（公元1121年），歙州被诏改为徽州。关于徽州名称的起源，一说因其境内有徽岭、徽水、大徽村等，州则因地得名；另一说赵宋王朝是取"徽者、美善也"之意，炫耀他对这一地区的失而复得。此二说并存了八百多年，州名亦被历代沿用至今，清康熙六年（公元1667年）建省的时候，就是摘取安庆、徽州二府首字作为省名的。 徽派文化底蕴丰富，内涵深广，是中国三大区域文化（藏学、敦煌学、徽学）之一，涵盖了哲、经、史、医、科、艺诸多领域。 黄山市位于皖浙赣三省结合部，群山环抱之中，古代徽州历来有"山深不偏远，地少士商多"之说。每当中原战乱之秋，这里就成了藏龙卧虎之地，它既是乱世的世外桃源，又是治世的人才宝库。古徽州文风昌盛，教育发达，"十家之村，不废诵读"，因此历史上以才入仕、以文垂世者，代不乏人，灿若繁星。《辞海》的单列条目中，徽州名人有50多人，列全国各州府之首。据不完全统计，明清两代中进士542人，举人多达1513人，"连科三殿撰，十里四翰林"、"父子宰相"、"四世一品"者并不鲜见。明清时代徽商称雄商界长达二、三百年，有"无徽不成镇"之说。徽商贾而好儒，"官、贾、儒"三位一体，形成了独具特色的徽州文化，历史上各种人才应运而生，学术研究异彩纷呈。例如，活字印刷术创始人毕升，宋代理学集大成者朱熹，明清三朝元老、军机大臣许国（历仕明嘉靖、隆庆、万历）、曹振镛（历仕清乾隆、嘉庆、道光），富可敌国的大盐商鲍漱芳，著名戏剧家汪道昆，医学家汪机、汪昂，徽墨、歙砚高手李廷、李少微，新安画派的创立者和近代著名代表渐江、黄宾虹，哲学家戴震，理财家王茂荫（马克思《资本论》中提到的唯一中国人），珠算大师程大位，近代教育家、学者有陶行知、胡适，音乐家张曙，还有工程技术专家詹天佑、郑复光，孙中山元帅府秘书长、近代法学家徐谦等，都是徽州人。同时，由徽商兴盛而形成了新安理学、新安医学、新安画派、徽派盆景、徽墨歙砚、徽派建筑、徽雕、徽刻、徽剧、徽菜等独具地方特色的文化流派。现已发现地面文物4900多处，其中列入国家和省级重点保护的45处。直至今日，黄山大地上仍遍布古桥、古塔、古亭阁、古宗祠、古牌坊，犹如一座天然的历史大博物馆。 http://bk.baidu.com/view/2312.htm Tags: China 中国 中國 Chinese culture history scenary |
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