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Why Think? A handful of IBMers answer a rather existential question. Tags: IBM Research

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IBM's Sametime Goes 3-D IBM engineers are demonstrating the integration of Lotus Sametime with the several virtual world platforms. A 3-D meeting can be launched directly from within Sametime, creating a virtual meeting space that uses Sametime capabilities available in a virtual environment, including presentation tools, access to the avatar's inventory and full avatar functionality demonstrating the business value virtual environments can bring to the future of unified communications. Tags: IBM

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IBM Research's Personal Memory Organizer IBM Research's Personal Memory Organizer can help organize your memory and access information that otherwise might get lost. This technology uses images, sounds, and text recorded on everyday mobile devices to help people recall names, faces, conversations and other important information. Tags: IBM Research

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IBM Technology Assists Visually Impaired Internet Users IBM's Social Accessibility project is a way for visually impaired and sighted users to come together and make web sites more accessible for people with vision loss. IBM developed collaboration software that enables visually impaired users to post problems they are having with web sites, and others can help by providing better text descriptions. The text descriptions can then incorporated into the screen reading software used by visually impaired web site visitors. For example, a person using screen reading software filling out an airline mileage membership application form might be unable to figure out if they should type in family name first, then first name and middle initials. Whenever visually impaired users face such difficulties, they can report that incident by using the collaboration tool and ask for an improved alternative text to describe what users are asked to do. Any one joining the project can provide a better description such as, Type in family name first, then first name and middle initials. With the Internet's pervasiveness it is important that people with disabilities are not left out. Moreover, the Internet is often a way for people to remain connected to their families and the community at large. In addition, as workers turn older, vision loss is one of the first disabilities people will face. Its estimated that one in five individuals, or over 54 million Americans, has a disability that makes it difficult to see computer screens or navigate the Web. The most important nature of this initiative is that this model allows users to give an opportunity to make content accessibility improvement requests, which is extremely valuable to help improve the Web content accessibility, and enabling Internet users who wish to aid in improving Internet accessibility to respond. The website also offers a forum to discuss accessibility issues among visually impaired users and Internet users. Tags: IBM

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IBM, MARS, USDA-ARS to Jointly Study the Cocoa Genome Chocolate...the mere mention of the word brings a smile to your face. More than 6.5 million small family farmers across the globe depend on farming cocoa for their livelihood - particularly in places like Africa, South America, and Vietnam. In fact, over the past 15 years, the global cocoa industry has had to deal with a trio of devastating fungal diseases, which cost cocoa growers an estimated $700 million in losses annually. And more than two million people globally have been adversely affected in ancillary, cocoa-related industries. IBM Research - the world's largest commercial lab, in collaboration with Mars - the world's largest chocolate company, and the USDA's Agricultural Research Service, are teaming up to safeguard the world's chocolate supply and help the agricultural community worldwide. By combining their scientific resources to sequence and analyze the entire cocoa genome, the groups are aiming to create healthier, stronger cocoa crops with higher yields that can fend off disease and drought and enable farmers to plant better quality cocoa. This work could have vast implications for making crops more resilient, combating food shortages through science and eliminating disease outbreaks like what we've witnessed in the US recently with tomatoes and spinach. And through this work perhaps chocolate will taste even better. The collaboration will leverage more than a decade of IBM Research's experience in computational biology as well as the computing power of the Blue Gene supercomputer to ultimately protect an important social, economic and environmental driver in places such as Africa, where 70 percent of the world's cocoa is produced. Tags: IBM MARS USDA Chocolate

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IBM & Department of Energy Unveil Petaflop Supercomputer IBM and the US Department of Energy today announced an historic milestone in computing, which has enormous implications for a variety of issues critical to society, such as climate change, alternative energy, and financial services. IBM's "Roadrunner" supercomputer, installed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico to protect the US's national security, hit one-thousand trillion calculations per second, or a "petalfop," in sustained performance. To put the mind-boggling performance in context, it would take the entire population of the earth -- about six billion people -- each working a handheld calculator at the rate of one second per calculation, more than 456 years to do what Roadrunner can do in one day. The performance, which is two-times today's number one supercomputer (from IBM) and three-times the closest competitive system, is driven by the world's first "hybrid" supercomputer -- one that uses Cell processors (the same chips that power today's most popular video games on the Sony Playstation 3), off-the-shelf x86 processors running on standard IBM blade servers, and Linux.. The concept of hybrid systems is an important breakthrough -- it paves the way with sotware that allows a diversity of commercial and consumer technologies to be linked together for any purpose from a large, shared website to a supercomputer working on a single problem. The Cell processor is dramatically faster at certain calculations allowing the RoadRunner system to be a small fraction of the size it would need to be using conventional PC or server proecssors. For this reason, IBM expects Roadrunner to place among the top energy-efficient systems later this month when the official "Green 500" list of supercomputers is announced. As a result, Roadrunner ushers in a new era for the Internet and Cloud Computing. Until now, supercomputers were isolated, standalone behemoths dedicated to one kind of exotic workload. But given Roadrunner's first-of-a-kind design -- backed by IBM's $6B R&D investment and experience in building these supersystems -- it can provide massive computing power to mainstream applications, shifting computing resources where needed. It is the first step toward such hybrid systems driving Google-sized networks made for both industry and consumer applications. This is an important development as computing becomes more central to everyday life -- and hybrid supercomputers with massive processing power will be central to the equation. Consider that the next generation of digital TVs will be internet-enabled; there are two billion cell phone users now -- a third the world's population; the number of text messages every day exceeds the world population; by 2010 there will be1 billion transistors per human (compared to 60 million per human at the turn of the century); and computer data doubles every 18 months -- and you can see the significance. Today's milestone begins an era of tackling larger problems and simulating bigger and more complex systems across industries. For example: o Financial Services: Looking at financial risk around the world to predict ripple effects of events around the world. o Entertainment: Create much more elaborate and realistic worlds on film, TV, games and in internet virtual worlds. o Medicine. Drive down the cost and improve the acuracy of treaments that can be modeled more effectively before humen trials, speed vaccines for desease and dramatically improve the medical imaging used to diagnose and treat desease. o Weather and climate..create more accurate predictions of major weather events that are dificult to preduct like huricanes and tsunamis, and model climate change patterns based on complex scenarios. o Oil and gas production. More accurately map underground reservoirs, and analyze the data acquired visually by scientists in the field. Tags: IBM

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Imagine the World in 2050 USC School of Cinematic Arts students and alumni and other Hollywood filmmakers met with a few IBM's top scientists to "Imagine the World in 2050." The event launched a collaboration between IBM and USC to explore how combining creative vision and insight with science and technology trends might fuel novel solutions to the most pressing problems and opportunities of our time. More info: http://www.research.ibm.com/theworldin2050/ Tags: IBM

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IBM Helps Public Health Community in the Middle East It's hard to believe in this day and age that many healthcare organizations still communicate via fax, phone and spreadsheet. They're transmitting critical information -- information about our health, arguably the most valuable asset we have -- over unsecured, unreliable, outdated systems. Now, IBM is working with partners in the Middle East on an innovative new way to monitor and protect public health. IBM Research has developed a unique new system that allows public health officials in Israel, Jordan and Palestine to share and exchange health data, while protecting patient privacy, and to monitor and react to potential disease outbreak -- even across geographic and political boundaries. In collaboration with Nuclear Threat Initiative's Global Health and Security Initiative and the Middle East Consortium on Infectious Disease Surveillance (MECIDS), IBM has developed a system to help eliminate many time-consuming tasks that are common to the public health community, allowing MECIDS members to focus on critical tasks such as detecting emerging public health trends, pinpointing potential outbreaks and performing sophisticated analysis. Tags: ibm healthcare middle-east NTI MECIDS almaden haifa

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Peer to Patent Project; A Community Review Process In June of 2007, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) opened the patent examination process for online public participation for the first time. With the consent of the inventor, the Peer-to-Patent: Community Patent Review pilot, developed by the New York Law School Institute for Information Law and Policy in cooperation with the USPTO, enables the public to submit prior art and commentary relevant to the claims of pending patent applications in Computer Architecture, Software, and Information Security. This initiative a community of subject matter with examiners charged with uncovering any prior art, wherever it exists, that would impact a decision on whether a patent application covered an invention that was truly novel. Higher quality patents can help reduce the uncertainty that arises when patents of questionable merit are awarded. Peer-to-Patent involves: -Review and discussion of posted patent applications; -research to locate prior art references; -uploading prior art references relevant to the claims; -annotating and evaluating submitted prior art; - top ten references, along with commentary, forwarded to the USPTO. The goal of this pilot is to prove that organized public participation can improve the quality of issued patents. Anyone in the public can participate as a reviewer, a patent application facilitator, and by sharing information about the pilot with others. Inventors can submit a qualified patent application for open review. Public participation is crucial to demonstrating the value of openness and making the case for greater USPTO accountability to the technical community. A successful pilot will also make a case for expanding to other subject matter. Tags: Peer to Patent IBM

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Fifty Years at IBM: Albert Ruehli Service anniversaries mark special milestones in one's career. It is a time to reflect on past achievements and look forward to what the future holds. For research staff member Dr. Albert Ruehli, fifty years at IBM feels like a surprisingly short time. "I have to be honest, I don't think too much about it because my mind is so busy with technical ideas," he said. "And I really feel involved with today's challenges, so I still get as excited as ever to work on new concepts." Albert's interest in science, especially in the field of electricity, began as a young boy. Inspired by Thomas Edison, Albert and his friends built hi-fi amplifiers, receivers and loudspeakers, competing for the best sound. Reflecting back, Albert stresses the importance that "transistors, electronic calculators and computers were not available then." Albert joined IBM in 1958 at the Zurich research laboratory in Rueschlikon, Switzerland. His initial work was in thin magnetic film memory research. After two years, upon completing his B.S. in Electrical Engineering, Albert relocated to the T.J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown, NY. Initially planning to stay only two years in Yorktown, Albert found his work and colleagues too fascinating to leave. His only variation from Research was to work part-time at IBM Burlington for the Mathematical and Engineering Analysis Group while he completed his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering at the University of Vermont. His thesis, on the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) approach, is used by several vendors today as part of the electromagnetic toolset offered. Upon completing his doctoral work, Albert returned to Yorktown, where his research is ongoing. Spanning five decades, Albert's work has ranged from Spice-type circuit solver programs, capacitance and inductance calculators, gate size and layout optimization for chip power and circuit design to waveform relaxation techniques. Three areas of practical and scientific significance are the PEEC method, the Modified Nodal Analysis (MNA) method, and the Waveform Relaxation (WR) approach. Currently, MNA is used in the majority of circuit solvers in IBM and in the entire industry. Tags: IBM

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IBM's 3D Science Game is Official Game of Earth Day MADE IN IBM LABS: IBM announced its free multiplayer online game, PowerUp (www.powerupthegame.org), is the official game for Earth Day festivals occurring across the U.S. on April 20, 2008. IBM will participate in the all events hosted by Earth Day Network in association with the Green Apple Festival in Washington D.C., New York, Miami, Chicago, Denver, Dallas, San Francisco and Los Angeles, to help promote a healthy and sustainable planet. The IBM PowerUp game challenges teenagers to help save a planet "Helios" from near ecological disaster. In the virtual world, teens using avatars can compete alone or together in timed missions to rebuild solar panels, wind turbines and dams using basic engineering principals. As they ride over rugged mountains in buggies or search through junk yards to rebuild power sources, they make choices that will help them understand energy efficiency and conservation. Tags: IBM

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IBM Moves Closer to New Class of Memory MADE IN IBM LABS: Computer memory that combines the high performance and reliability of flash with the low cost and high capacity of the hard disk drive could be closer than you think, thanks to a team of IBM scientists. In two papers published recently in the journal Science, IBM Fellow Stuart Parkin and colleagues at the IBM Almaden Research Center in San Jose describe both the fundamentals of a technology dubbed "racetrack" as well as a milestone in that technology. This milestone could lead to electronic devices capable of storing far more data in the same amount of space than is possible today, with lightning-fast boot times, far lower cost and unprecedented stability and durability. Within the next ten years, racetrack memory, so named because the data "races" around the wire "track," could lead to solid state electronic devices -- with no moving parts, and therefore more durable -- capable of holding far more data in the same amount of space than is possible today. For example, this technology could enable a handheld device such as an mp3 player to store around 500,000 songs or around 3,500 movies -- 100 times more than is possible today -- with far lower cost and power consumption. The devices would not only store vastly more information in the same space, but also require much less power and generate much less heat, and be practically unbreakable: the result, massive amounts of personal storage that could run on a single battery for weeks at a time and last for decades. The commercial availability of racetrack stands to take microelectronics into the third dimension, exceeding the two-dimensional limits of Moore's Law. And IBM is no stranger to creating entirely new markets that spring from exploratory research such as this. Just a few of the many game-changers invented at IBM Research include the memory chip, the hard disk drive and the relational database. Tags: IBM memory

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IBM'S Zero Emissions Data Center Project MADE IN IBM LABS: IBM scientists at the famed Zurich Research Lab, home to four Nobel Prize winners are working on the future of water cooling -- taking a unique approach: instead of treating heat like the enemy, they're treating it like a precious commodity. Water is 4,000 times more effective than traditional air cooling. For the first time, IBM scientists are bringing cold water directly onto the chip itself. Piping hot water is then carried off of the chip and out of the system, where it can then be reused: to heat your home, the town swimming pool, for a hot shower or to cook a family dinner. This IBM Research project's goal is to create a new breed of computer capable of solving the world's toughest problems while at the same time creating a data center with zero emissions. See more about this work here: http://tinyurl.com/5u7yto Tags: IBM Emissions

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IBM Creates a Virtual "Rehearsal Studio" IBM says this science fiction is now approaching reality with new innovative technology from its Research team. Cast members, orchestras and football teams all practice -- or rehearse -- on a regular basis to improve their performance as a team. Research shows that most people learn most of their required skills on-the-job rather than classrooms. How much more confident and successful would you be if you could rehearse your response to your toughest job challenges and then see the outcome of your decisions? An eclectic group of IBM researchers -- including virtual worlds experts and ethnographers -- have built a software program in Second Life that allows its IBM services professionals to learn high-level skills with their teammates. They can perform "what-if" analysis, such as creating excess inventory and sourcing different suppliers. Using avatars in a virtual world empowers the participants to take more risks, test their judgment and see the results of their decisions quickly—compressing many months of learning in days. It's not hard to imagine that sometime in the future this in-house learning tool could be customized for a broad-range of difficult-to-learn capabilities as medical surgery or financial negotiations. Tags: IBM 3dinternet virtual worlds IBMResearch

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IBM Scientist: Robert Dennard Robert Dennard, who grew up in rural Texas and started school in a one-room schoolhouse, says he "had a lot of time to think and read and contemplate." He recounts that he was always looking for better ways to do things, such as a faster way to chop kindling for the stoves. He later brought this penchant for improvement to IBM, where he developed the one-transistor dynamic random access memory (DRAM)—the paragon for low cost digital memory, ubiquitous in the computer industry today. At IBM, he also developed a significant theory on electronic device scaling, which has been a driving force in microelectronics. For these achievements, Dennard is the 2005 recipient of the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award. In 1966 Dennard was a member of an IBM team doing research on a six-transistor memory cell, and he thought there must be a simpler method to build memory in this technology. His solution evolved as a single field-effect transistor that performed the reading and writing of information stored as an electric charge on a capacitor, now commonly known as a DRAM cell. This technology, patented in 1968, expended less energy and was cheaper than earlier magnetic memory. It was introduced in products on the market in the 1970s and today is the foundation for memory (RAM) in most computer components and systems. Dennard and his colleagues also conceived the scaling theory, a concept of reducing the dimensions of metal-oxide field effect transistors (MOSFETs) and their interconnecting wires, which led to denser, less expensive and faster integrated circuits, whose properties grew directly proportional to the degree of miniaturization. Dennard published this theory in 1974 in the paper "Design of Ion-Implanted MOSFETs With Very Small Physical Dimensions." It is now a "Classic Paper" as recognized by the Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers in 1999. The scaling theory, which drives miniaturization in the industry, has enabled computing to be portable, from laptops to cell phones to other technological devices. He has continued to build on the scaling theory over the last 30 years at IBM, where engineers have pushed the edges of the theory's physical limits. Dennard received his B.S. (1954) and M.S. (1956) in electrical engineering from Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas and his Ph.D. (1958) in electrical engineering from Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh, Pa., today Carnegie Mellon University. After completing his degrees, Dennard joined IBM , where he continues research today as an IBM Fellow at Yorktown Heights, N.Y. "I wasn't that involved in really creative things until I came to IBM and they handed me a patent notebook, and they said, 'put all your ideas in here,'" remarked Dennard. Since 1965, he has been granted 35 U.S. patents in semiconductors and microelectronics. A member of the National Academy of Engineering and a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Dennard is a recipient of the National Medal of Technology (1988), the Harvey Prize from Technion (Israel, 1990) and the IEEE Edison Medal (2001), among others. He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1997. According to Dennard, "The most important thing about the inventive process is seeing the problem and asking questions: what if ... we did this, why does this have to be this way ... isn't there a better way to do it?" Tags: IBM Robert Dennard

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IBM Measures The Force Required To Move Atoms MADE IN IBM LABS: In a recent paper published in the journal Science, IBM researchers describe a new milestone in nanotechnology: the ability to measure the force required to move individual atoms. Their findings are an important step for understanding what types of atoms are best suited for building different kinds of nanoelectronic devices, based on how strong or weak of a bond they can form on different surfaces. The ability to control atoms and move them around on a surface was first discovered by an IBM researcher nearly 20 years ago -- an achievement that has been hailed as the "Kittyhawk of Nanotechnology." But until today, nobody has known the exact force required to move atoms on a surface: an absolutely critical understanding if we are to build Lilliputian computer chips and storage devices from the atom up. The problem is akin to what scientists and engineers needed to learn about construction at macroscopic sizes many decades ago. For example, building a modern bridge would be impossible without first measuring the strength of different materials, understanding the relevant forces, and comprehending how everything interacts. In the nanotechnology realm, to make structures that you want to remain rigidly in place you would use strongly bonded ("sticky") atoms while for groups of atoms that need to move you would use atoms held in place only by weak chemical bonds. IBM is no stranger to working with atoms. Two IBM scientists won the Nobel Prize for their invention of a specialized microscope that could "see" individual atoms for the first time. And in 1989, in the same Silicon Valley lab where today's breakthrough took place, an IBM scientist was the first to move atoms on a surface, spelling I-B-M in Xenon atoms. More recently, IBM has demonstrated the potential to store data in individual atoms or small clusters of atoms, and that single molecules may work well as switches for future computer chips. As these breakthroughs before them, IBM continues to drive the future of atom scale research. Tags: IBM Technology Atoms

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IBM Launches PowerUp 3D Game MADE IN IBM LABS: IBM is making online gaming a matter of life or death for the planet ...at least virtually. The company is launching a 3D multi-player online game (www.powerupthegame.org) that will challenge teenagers to help save the planet Helios from disaster. Teens will have to beware of sandstorms, floods and "SmogGobs" while solving missions for solar, wind and water power before the planet's resources are used up. While they are doing so, kids will be employing engineering principles to rebuild wind turbines and solar panels, and make decisions about energy consumption that will effect the planet's resources. The educational game is being launched as part of Engineer's Week 2008. The goal is to take advantage of the interest in online virtual worlds to teach basic engineering principles and energy conservation and get more teens interested in math and science. It's more than just fun and games. Dramatic changes are needed to restructure our schools and prepare students for the innovation economy that they will some day lead, and these include the use of new technology such as 3D platforms. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, job growth in science, technology, engineering and math will grow 22 percent through 2014, faster than the average (13%) for all other jobs. Computer specialist occupations are expected to grow much faster at more than 30 percent. But at the same time, the U.S. grade school students continue to lag behind other parts of the world in math and science. So while players create their own avatars and meet in the Orientation Center to chat with others, they can also interact with non-playing characters who are experienced engineers from diverse backgrounds that will act as guides. The avatars will be faced with timed challenges and activities that include driving an electric-powered buggy across desert terrain to find heliostats and racinge through a "junkyard" to find parts to rebuild wind turbines. More than 200 kids provided input into the game to ensure that it is fun and I can provide you with a video clip to demonstrate the graphics and different missions. Tags: IBM EngineersWeek Education

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Eco-Patent Commons Created MADE IN IBM LABS: IBM, Nokia, Pitney Bowes, and Sony, working with the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, have created a new way to share intellectual property and help the environment. This video highlights two patented innovations pledged by IBM, which this year was the leading earner of U.S. patents with more than 3,100. More information can be found at http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/presskit/23275.wss. The Eco-Patent Commons can be found at http://www.wbcsd.org/web/epc. Tags: patent IBM Nokia Eco-Patent-Commons Pitney-Bowes Sony

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